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A Guide to Women in Canadian History

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Historic Sites

National Historic Persons of Canada - Women

The following women have been designated by the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada as national historic persons of Canada.

  • Lady Aberdeen
    Lady Aberdeen after receiving an honorary degree from Queen's University, 1897
    (William James Topley/Library and Archives Canada/PA-027869)
    Lady Ishbel Gordon Aberdeen
    1857-1939
    A social reformer who founded the National Council of Women and the Victorian Order of Nurses

  • Maude Elizabeth Abbott
    1869-1940
    Pioneer doctor renowned for research on heart disease

  • Emma Lajeunesse Gye Albani
    1846-1930
    Famous Canadian opera singer

  • Edith Jessie Archibald
    1854-1936
    A leader in the struggle for women's suffrage in Nova Scotia

  • Mary Bibb
    1820-1877
    Designated with her husband Henry for influencing African Canadians with the newspaper "Voice of the Fugitive"

  • Martha Louise Black
    1866-1957
    Yukon pioneer who became second women elected as a federal member of Parliament

  • Jean McKishnie Blewett
    1862-1934
    Poet and journalist

  • Marguerite Bourgeoys
    1620-1700
    In 1658 founded Canada's first religious community: the Congrégation de Notre-Dame

  • Molly Brant
    1736-1796
    A leader of the Six Nations and British Loyalist

  • Emily Carr
    1871-1945
    Talented Canadian painter and author
    Biography

  • Margaret Ridley Charlton
    1858-1931
    Medical librarian who co-founded the Medical Library Association in 1898

  • Isabella Valancy Crawford,
    1850-1887
    Canadian poet and writer

  • Mazo De la Roche
    1879-1961
    Canadian author

  • Demasduit
    1796-1820
    A Beothuk woman who was one of the last of her People to survive

  • Onésime Dorval
    1843-1932
    A Métis teacher at the Red River Settlement and Battleford, Saskatchewan

  • Margaret Iris Duley
    1894-1968
    Talented author from Newfoundland

  • Henrietta Muir Edwards
    1849-1931
    One of the Famous Five, a social reformer

  • Marie-Anne Gaboury
    1780-1875
    A pioneer who settled in Western Canada in 1806

  • Marie Lacoste Gérin-Lajoie
    1867-1945
    A notable activist for the rights of women in Quebec

  • Julia Catherine (Beckwith) Hart
    1796-1867
    An author who wrote "St. Ursula's Convent" in 1824

  • E. Cora Hind
    1861-1942
    A Manitoba journalist who was a leader in the struggle for women's rights

  • Adelaide Hunter Hoodless
    1857-1910
    A leader in groups such as the National Council of Women and Women's Institutes

  • Pauline Johnson
    Pauline Johnson
    (Cochran/Library and Archives Canada/C-085125)
    Emily Pauline Johnson
    1861-1913
    A Mohawk poet and entertainer

  • Grace Annie Lockhart
    1855-1916
    The first woman in the British Empire to receive a university degree, at Mount Allison University in 1875

  • Major Margaret C. Macdonald
    1873-1948
    During World War I served as Matron-in-Chief of the Canadian nursing service

  • Helen Gregory MacGill
    1864-1947
    Juvenile court judge in British Columbia

  • Helen MacMurchy
    1862-1953
    A physician who advocated many important health reforms

  • Agnes Campbell Macphail
    1890-1954
    The first woman in Canada elected to the House of Commons, in 1921

  • Mance, Jeanne
    1606-1673
    The first lay nurse in Canadian history

  • Nellie McClung
    1873-1951
    One of the Famous Five; notable suffragist, politician and writer

  • Louise McKinney
    1868-1931
    One of the Famous Five; first female member of a Legislative Assembly in the British Empire

  • Violet Clara McNaughton
    1879-1968
    Organized the Women Grain Growers and battled for women's suffrage

  • Lucy Maud Montgomery
    1874-1942
    Famous Canadian author who wrote the Anne of Green Gables books
    Biography

  • Susanna Moodie
    Susanna and John Moodie and family, ca. 1866
    (National Library of Canada/NL-17999)
    Susanna Moodie
    1803-1885
    Pioneer who wrote the book "Roughing it in the Bush"

  • Emily Murphy
    1868-1933
    One of the Famous Five; first woman judge in the British Commonwealth

  • Margaret Newton
    1887-1971
    Canadian scientist whose research led to development of rust resistant grains

  • Mary Irene Parlby
    1868-1965
    One of the Famous Five; politician

  • Georgina Fane Pope
    1862-1938
    Became Canada's first nursing matron in the Army Medical Corps, in 1908

  • Harriet Taber Richardson
    -1951
    Proposed the reconstruction of Port Royal Habitation in Nova Scotia

  • Fanny Rosenfeld
    1903-1969
    Olympic athlete, voted Canada's female athlete of the half-century for the period 1900-1950

  • Idola Saint-Jean
    1880-1945
    Notable Quebec suffragist, fought for reform of the Civil Code

  • Saint Marie-Marguerite D'Youville
    1701-1771
    Founded the Sisters of Charity in 1737

  • Shanawdithit
    1801-1829
    The last of the Beothuks in Newfoundland

  • Laura Ingersoll Secord
    1775-1868
    A Canadian heroine during the War of 1812, who warned the British of a planned attack by Americans

  • Mary Anne Shadd
    1823-1893
    A leader of the Black fugitive movement

  • Mary Meagre Southcott
    1862-1943
    A Newfoundland nurse who promoted the professionalization of nursing

  • Emily Stowe
    1831-1903
    The first Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada; an organizer of a women's medical college

  • Taqulittuq
    1860-1880
    Designated along with her husband Ipirvik; she was an Inuit guide and interpreter for Arctic explorers

  • Thanadelthur
    ?-1717
    An Aboriginal woman who played an important role in the fur trade in the early 18th century

  • Catherine Parr Traill
    1802-1899
    A pioneer who was a naturalist and author of the book "The Backwoods of Canada"

  • Mary Travers
    Mary Travers, ca. 1930
    (National Library of Canada/NL-2499)
    Mary 'La Bolduc' Travers
    1894-1941
    A popular singer and songwriter from Quebec

  • Jenny Trout
    1841-1921
    The first Canadian woman to be licensed to practice medicine in Canada; an organizer of a women's medical college

  • Madeleine De Verchères
    1678-1747
    A Canadian heroine who led the defense of the family fort when it was attached in 1692

  • Portia White
    1911-1968
    A famous singer from Nova Scotia


For more information about commemorations of the Historic Site and Monuments Board of Canada related to the contributions of women in Canadian history, see:


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